The tongue is brownish and has a hairy appearance because keratin has collected on the normal projections on the top of the tongue papillae. Whitish patches on the tongue , similar to those sometimes found inside the cheeks, may be due to. The second stage of syphilis Secondary syphilis Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum. Syphilis can occur in three stages of symptoms, separated by periods of apparent good health.
It begins Thrush Noncancerous mouth growths Growths can originate in any type of tissue in and around the mouth, including connective tissues, bone, muscle, and nerve.
Growths most commonly form on the Lips Sides of the tongue Floor of Lichen planus Lichen Planus Lichen planus, a recurring itchy disease, starts as a rash of small, separate, red or purple bumps that then combine and become rough, scaly patches.
The cause may be a reaction to certain drugs Leukoplakia Precancerous changes in the mouth Growths can originate in any type of tissue in and around the mouth, including connective tissues, bone, muscle, and nerve. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.
The Merck Manual was first published in as a service to the community. Learn more about our commitment to Global Medical Knowledge. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Common Health Topics. Commonly searched drugs. Tongue color changes. Tongue surface changes. Lip and Tongue Disorders. Test your knowledge. Which of the following age groups is most susceptible to sun damage to the lips, especially for those who have had extensive exposure to the sun?
More Content. Double rinsing will usually help. When your tongue is green, it can be due to a number of things.
Often, having a green tongue begins with a whitish appearance and then changes to take the greenish look after drinking or eating something or taking certain medications. There are different conditions that can cause a green tongue. Geographic tongue is a condition that presents with harmless lesions that may change color.
Initially, the lesions appear red and have raised white borders, however, with time, the borders can change the color to appear green. A person with geographic tongue has irregular lesions forming on the tongue and they are smooth often varying in size and shape. The patches appear to migrate from one part of the tongue to another. A geographic tongue has a map-like appearance of the lesions that tend to disappear and appear frequently.
A person has extra sensitivity on their tongue after they use certain substances like toothpaste, cigarettes, mouthwashes, acidic and spicy foods, or sweet food. Hairy tongue syndrome may make the tongue to appear greenish. The presence of these microbes can cause the tongue to have a green hue. Hairy tongue syndrome may cause other symptoms like having a burning sensation, bad breath, and abnormal taste or lack of taste since the taste buds are covered.
Other causes of a green tongue are:. Treating green tongue largely depends on what the cause it. If fungus, bacteria, and yeast are causing the tongue to be green, medications like nystatin, clotrimazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole may be used.
Brushing the teeth gently can help with a green tongue. You may want to avoid using mouthwashes and sprays because they can irritate the lesions. Eating plain yogurt can help rebalance bad and good bacteria in the mouth. The tongue has three main parts : Apex — tip of the tongue. Body — remainder of the visible tongue extending all the way to the back of the throat.
Root — attaches the tongue to the base of the mouth. Picture from Wikimedia Commons In some people there may be a brown to black discoloration of the tongue which occurs in patches or streaks. Abnormal Colors of the Tongue There are various colors which may present in tongue discoloration. Some of the colors that may be seen with tongue discoloration includes : White Brigh red strawberry Purple or purple-red magenta Blue Yellow Black White tongue White patches, streaks or lines are the most common tongue discoloration.
Oral leukoplakia is a condition marked by a abnormal growth of the mucous membrane cells on the tongue surface. Tongue discoloration due to leukoplakia appears as white to gray patches on the top of the tongue and may also affect the inner cheek and gums.
Hairy leukoplakia is a similar condition believed to be caused by Epstein-Barr virus EBV infection which is more likely to arise in a person with a depressed immune system, like in HIV aids. It is largely similar in presentation to oral leukoplakia typically affecting the folds four sides of the tongue. Oral thrush is a fungal infection of the mouth, usually visible on the tongue, extending down to the oesophagus.
The patches on the tongue appear a creamy white consistency often described as cottage cheese. Oral lichen planus is a condition that occurs for unknown reasons and causes whitish lines on the inside of the mouth, including the tongue, as well as red open sores. It may affect the entire inside of the mouth and extend to the esophagus. Oral lichen planus is believed to be linked to certain infections, allergies, vaccines and certain medication. Aphthous stomatitis is a condition marked by the current sores on the tongue and inside of the mouth.
These are ulcers are commonly referred to as canker sores. The center of these lesions are often white to yellow in color with a red border and may eventually become open sores.
Although these type of sores can occur with minor injury, recurrent cases need to be investigated further as it may be due to food allergies, autoimmune diseases, hormonal changes, infections, immune deficiency, dental prosthetics four oral hygiene products.
Picture of oral thrush candidiasis — Wikimedia Commons Bright Red Tongue The normal color of the human tongue is pink to red. Glossitis is inflammation of the tongue that may arise for any number of reasons. The process of inflammation increases blood flow to the tongue and leads to redness, pain and swelling.
The more common causes of glossitis are acute mechanical or chemical injury or infections. Vitamin deficiencies as is seen with vitamin B12, niacin or folic acid may cause a strawberry red tongue. Scarlet fever scarlatina is a condition that may sometimes develop in a person with streptococcal pharyngitis strep throat. It presents with a red rash that covers most of the body along with a strawberry red tongue. Scarlet fever arises as a reaction to the toxin from the streptococci bacteria that causes the infection.
Geographic tongue is a condition where smooth red patches develop on the tongue with raised borders that clearly demarcate it from the rest of the tongue thereby giving the tongue a map-like appearance.
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