Viewed 41k times. Improve this question. Scott Scott 2, 3 3 gold badges 30 30 silver badges 36 36 bronze badges. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. My recommendations: Have a base template for your project "base. Have your other templates inherit form base.
Improve this answer. Roy Shmuli 4, 1 1 gold badge 22 22 silver badges 38 38 bronze badges. I just want extend the advice a little bit for people who are new to django that may consider include function a bad practice: WHILE I agree, it is indeed good to make use of inheritance, it is not quite correct to say it's better than include option.
It just has a different purpose. Julkar9 1, 1 1 gold badge 7 7 silver badges 19 19 bronze badges. Django framework efficiently handles and generates dynamically HTML web pages that are visible to the end-user. To configure the Django template system, go to the settings.
Generally, the templates folder is created and kept in the sample directory where manage. This templates folder contains all the templates you will create in different Django Apps.
Templates can be maintained by anyone with an understanding of HTML; no knowledge of Python is required. The path function is contained with the django. This is a sample of the template tags, variable methods and filters available in Django. Chapter 11 includes an exercise covering all common tags and filters, complete with example implementations of each.
The most important line to note here is line 5. Once you have added the folder, your directory tree should look like this:. Because Django uses short-circuit logic when searching for templates. This can be a problem when you have two apps in a project with a template with the same name. Say you have created an index. Your folder structure will look like this:. When you tell Django to load the template index. We solve this problem by namespacing our templates.
Namespacing templates is simple—we add a folder named after the app to our templates folder. This is what the above example looks like after namespacing the templates:. As with most things in Django, namespacing templates is a convention, not a hard and fast rule.
But, if you want maximum portability for your apps and to avoid some headaches later on, it is a convention that you would do well to follow. Before moving on, add the new folder to your events app. All modern websites have a site template that creates a common look and branding for every page on the website. The most common place for storing site template files in Django is in the website app that Django created automatically for you when you ran startproject.
Line 4 looks complicated, but is easy to understand— os. Note that Django will search your DIRS list in the order listed, so keep in mind my previous warnings about templates with the same name when linking to external resources.
We will name this file base. This is plain HTML except for lines 9 and If you remember from the view we created in the last chapter, these are the same variable names we gave the event title and calendar respectively. This is done in your views. Modify the index view as follows changes in bold :.
For our new view, we have replaced the call to HttpResponse with a call to render. I have commented out the original HttpResponse line 15 so you can more easily see the changes. If you remember from Chapter 5, when Django receives a request from a browser, it finds the right view, and the view returns a response to the browser.
However, when we wish to use a template, Django first must load the template, create a context—which is a dictionary of variables and associated data passed back to the browser—and return an HttpResponse. Using render is so common that Django added it to the views. When you supply the original request, the template and a context to render , it returns the formatted response without you having to code the intermediate steps.
In our modified views. Once you have modified your views. If you look at the page source, you can see why:. This is because, by default, Django autoescapes all code before sending it to the browser.
This is a built-in security feature designed to prevent a hacker inserting malicious code into your site code. As this is a common task, the Django developers created the autoescape tag to make life easy for you. Make the following changes to your base. Figure The site template rendered with autoescape off for the calendar code. A site template needs to be independent of all the other apps in your Django project.
Child templates can then add content and formatting unique to the child. This is easier to understand in practice. First, modify your base. If value is "Django" , the output will be " Django ". If value is "String with spaces" , the output will be "Stringwithspaces". These format characters are not used in Django outside of templates. They were designed to be compatible with PHP to ease transitioning for designers. If value is a datetime object e.
Note that predefined formats may vary depending on the current locale. Assuming the same settings as the previous example:. You can combine date with the time filter to render a full representation of a datetime value. If value evaluates to False , uses the given default. Otherwise, uses the value.
If value is "" the empty string , the output will be nothing. If and only if value is None , uses the given default. Note that if an empty string is given, the default value will not be used.
Use the default filter if you want to fallback for empty strings. If value is None , the output will be nothing. Takes a list of dictionaries and returns that list sorted in reverse order by the key given in the argument. This works exactly the same as the above filter, but the returned value will be in reverse order.
Returns True if the value is divisible by the argument. If value is 21 , the output would be True. Applying escape to a variable that would normally have auto-escaping applied to the result will only result in one round of escaping being done. So it is safe to use this function even in auto-escaping environments. For example, you can apply escape to fields when autoescape is off:.
Escapes characters for use in JavaScript strings. If value is , the output would be If value is the list ['a', 'b', 'c'] , the output will be 'a'. If used with a numeric integer argument, floatformat rounds a number to that many decimal places.
Particularly useful is passing 0 zero as the argument which will round the float to the nearest integer. For example, when the active locale is en English :. For example, when the active locale is pl Polish :. Using floatformat with no argument is equivalent to using floatformat with an argument of The g suffix to force grouping by thousand separators was added. The u suffix to force disabling localization was added.
Applies HTML escaping to a string see the escape filter for details. This filter is applied immediately and returns a new, escaped string. This is useful in the rare cases where you need multiple escaping or want to apply other filters to the escaped results.
Normally, you want to use the escape filter. Given a whole number, returns the requested digit, where 1 is the right-most digit, 2 is the second-right-most digit, etc. Returns the original value for invalid input if input or argument is not an integer, or if argument is less than 1. Otherwise, output is always an integer. If value is , the output will be 8.
If value is "? This is compatible with a strict Content Security Policy that prohibits in-page script execution. It also maintains a clean separation between passive data and executable code. If value is the list ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] , the output will be the string "d". If value is ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] or "abcd" , the output will be 4. The filter returns 0 for an undefined variable. If value is ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] or "abcd" , the output will be True. If value is Django , the output will be "Django ".
Returns the value turned into a list. For an integer, the argument is cast to a string before creating a list. If value is the string "Joel" , the output would be the list ['J', 'o', 'e', 'l']. If value is , the output will be the list ['1', '2', '3']. Returns a plural suffix if the value is not 1 , '1' , or an object of length 1. By default, this suffix is 's'.
For words that require a suffix other than 's' , you can provide an alternate suffix as a parameter to the filter. Use blocktranslate to pluralize translated strings. A wrapper around pprint. If value is the list ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'] , the output could be "b". If value is Django , the output will be " Django". Marks a string as not requiring further HTML escaping prior to output. When autoescaping is off, this filter has no effect. If you are chaining filters, a filter applied after safe can make the contents unsafe again.
For example, the following code prints the variable as is, unescaped:. Applies the safe filter to each element of a sequence. Useful in conjunction with other filters that operate on sequences, such as join. Converts spaces to hyphens. Converts to lowercase. Also strips leading and trailing whitespace. If value is "Joel is a slug" , the output will be "joel-is-a-slug".
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